ARHS 49103 and 49203: American Art (to 1860 and 1860–1960)

An online guide to core library resources

Boolean Logic / Connectors

Connectors—Use "and" or "or" to specify multiple words in any field. Use "not" to exclude words. Be careful with the latter; you may exclude important results because of an unexpected occurrence of the term in the excluded record(s). Some database use "and not" in place of "not."

Examples of Boolean logic:

  • art and gender [both terms must be present]
  • art or history [either term must be present]
  • art not sculpture [the first term must be present without the second term]

How Do I Get This Citation?

If you discover pertinent citations to journal articles in your online searches, use Find it!, OneSearch, or Fetch Item to track down your resources.

If we don't own or subscribe to the material online, you can obtain rapidly many articles and chapters via the Libraries' ILL software, ILLiad.

Introduction to Articles

Periodical articles can provide excellent coverage of a topic. Articles appear in scholarly journals, trade publications, and popular periodicals, as well as newspapers. You will typically use a database to search for articles by topic or author. National newspapers are excellent for critical essays on art, editorials, and reviews of exhibitions.

Many assignments require students to limit their search to scholarly or peer-reviewed articles. "Peer-reviewed," "scholarly," "academic,"and "refereed" are often used interchangeably to describe manuscripts that underwent expert review before publication.

Note on Controlled Vocabulary

Most searchers rely exclusively on keywords to retrieve records in databases. In many cases using keywords works well. If you wish to retrieve more precise results, try searching by the specialized terms of the database, also known as "controlled vocabulary," and often referred to as "descriptors." The order in which you enter your terms can matter as well. For example, often you can best search by author by typing the last name before the first name.

Core Resources