This did not really happen. Cows' heads did not emerge from the bodies of people newly inoculated against smallpox. But fear of the vaccine was so widespread that it prompted British satirist James Gillray to create this spoof in 1802.

H. Humphrey/Henry Barton Jacobs Collection, Institute of the History of Medicine, JHU

This guide is designed to help students conduct research for Dr. Starks' history class on Sex, Class, Race, and Disease.

Need help along the way? Ask us!.