PK-12 Education

EDST 3223 Research Paper

For this assignment, you can choose between two options:

  1. Select a topic related to K-12 education and write about it in the context of three different historical time periods
    • School lunches in the 1930’s, 1950’s and 2010’s
    • Textbooks in the Federal Era, Progressive Era, and Today
  2. Select a historical period and write about three topics relevant to that time period
    • Education for Women, Black Students, and Indigenous Students in the Federal Era
    • United States Education in the 1980s: Standardized Testing, Special Education, and Educational Funding

Regardless of which path you choose, you must use at least 4 high-quality sources, defined as scholarly/academic sources or primary artifacts. Additionally, students may only use two webpages.

Finished papers should be 10-12 pages double spaced, not including title page or references. All sources should be cited using APA 7th edition citation style.

Tips for Finding Primary Sources

For information on finding and accessing primary sources in the University of Arkansas Libraries Special Collections, please see our online guide:

Find digitized primary sources at the U of A in our digital collections:

Additional Online Resources for Finding Primary Sources

Developing Your Topic

Selecting your topic is often the most challenging part of this assignment! Some questions I encourage you to consider as you develop your topic:

  • What grade or subject do you want to teach?

  • What time in history are you most interested in?

  • What’s something that happened while you were in school that you have strong feelings or memories about, either good or bad?

  • What have you learned about in this course or by talking to your parents or other older adults about the history of education in the US that has surprised you?

  • What social or political issues do you care about?

Still not sure what to write about? Take a look at the History of Education in the United States Wikipedia page for a good overview of time periods and topics that you could use for this assignment.

What are Academic / Scholarly Sources

Academic / Scholarly sources are...

  • Created with the intent to educate or inform

  • Written by people with authority in their field

  • Written with specialized or advanced language

  • Reports on original research, or write-ups synthesizing and analyzing the original research of others

  • Published through traditional avenues

 

Types of Academic Sources

Journal Articles
  • Present the findings of original research or analyze and synthesize the original research of others

  • Written for other researchers and meant to share knowledge

  • Cite other authors in the field and include a sizable reference list

  • Often published in peer-reviewed journals and undergo stricter editing and review procedures to help ensure the content is credible and authoritative

Reference Articles
  • Concise articles that provide background or foundational information on a topic

  • Dictionary entries, encyclopedia articles, and handbook entries that can help you with the context of a topic, quick definitions, an overview of an issue, facts, dates, and more

  • Written by experts

  • Typically do not use jargon or other specialized language

  • May cite some sources but do not typically have an extensive reference list

Finding Academic Sources

Finding Reference Articles

For this assignment, it is best to start by reviewing a reference article. This will help you further develop your topic and identify important time periods, legal mandates, people, etc. related to your topic.

  • Using OneSearch on the Libraries homepage, type in a word or phrase related to your topic and hit Search

Screenshot of the Libraries homepage showing the text "native american residential schools" in the OneSearch search box

  • OneSearch will show results from the majority of our 400+ research databases and tens of thousands of journal subscriptions
  • On the results page, click "Material Type" on the left side pane, then find and click on "Reference Entries"

Screenshot of the OneSearch results page with Material Type limiter visible in the left side pane of the webpage

Screenshot showing OneSearch results limited to reference entries

  • Select a reference article that seems relevant
  • NOTE: If you do not find articles that are relevant to your topic, try using different words or broadening your topic. For example, more reference articles can be found under the phrase "Indian Boarding Schools" than under the phrase "Native American Residential Schools." For historical topics, try using the terminology that would have been popular at the time to see how that might change your results.

 

Finding Journal Articles

Journal articles are a great addition to your paper, and can give you insight into how various education related topics have been researched and discussed throughout time.

  • Using OneSearch on the Libraries homepage, type in a word or phrase related to your topic and hit Search

Screenshot of the Libraries homepage showing the text "native american residential schools" in the OneSearch search box

  • OneSearch will show results from the majority of our 400+ research databases and tens of thousands of journal subscriptions
  • On the results page, click "Material Type" on the left side pane, then find and click on "Articles"

Screenshot of the OneSearch results page with Material Type limiter visible in the left side pane of the webpage

Screenshot of OneSearch Results limited to Material Type - Articles

  • Clicking on an article title will open a sliding pane in the results window and allow you to review the article's publication information and abstract. Read the abstract to determine if the article will be helpful for your paper.
  • Use the Date limiter on the left side of the screen to search for journal articles from specific time periods.
  • NOTE: If you do not find articles that are relevant to your topic, try using different words or broadening your topic. For example, try both "Indian Boarding Schools" and  "Native American Residential Schools." For historical topics, try using the terminology that would have been popular at the time to see how that might change your results.

 

UA Primary Source Databases

Did you know that the University of Arkansas has primary source databases? You can find them by navigating to the "databases by title and subject" option from the library homepage. Step by step instructions are below.

Screenshot of library home page drop down menu.

First, select the "Databases" option in the drop-down menu.

Screenshot of library home page databases option

Below the search bar, select "databases by title and subject."

Screenshot of database search,

From the "All Database Types" drop-down menu, select "Primary Source."

Screenshot of list of primary source databases

Now, you can select a primary source database from the alphabetical list and search within it. Searching within a more specific database like those in this list can be helpful if you are interested in a specific topic or time period.